RUBY

 

• Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented programming language known for its simplicity, flexibility, and elegant syntax. 
• It was created by Yukihiro Matsumoto (also known as "Matz") in the mid-1990s with the goal of combining the best features of several programming languages.

 Here are the key details about Ruby:

Dynamic Typing:

Ruby is dynamically typed, meaning you don't need to declare the type of a variable explicitly. The type is determined at runtime.

Object-Oriented:

Everything in Ruby is an object, including primitive data types. This leads to a more consistent and intuitive programming experience.

Elegant Syntax:

Ruby's syntax is designed for readability and expressiveness. It uses a natural language-like syntax that makes code easy to understand.

Blocks and Closures:

Ruby supports blocks and closures, which are chunks of code that can be passed around and executed later. This enables powerful constructs like iterators and higher-order functions.

Dynamic Reflection and Metaprogramming:

Ruby's dynamic nature allows you to introspect and modify objects at runtime, making it a popular choice for metaprogramming.

Garbage Collection:

Ruby includes automatic garbage collection, which helps manage memory and frees developers from manual memory management concerns.

Standard Library and Gems:

Ruby comes with a rich standard library that provides a wide range of built-in classes and modules for common tasks.

The RubyGems package manager allows you to easily install third-party libraries (gems) to extend the functionality of your applications.

String Manipulation:

Ruby excels at string manipulation, offering powerful features like string interpolation, regular expressions, and a wide array of string methods.

Object Initialization:

Ruby provides a clean and concise way to define constructors and initialize objects.

Meta-Object Protocol (MOP):

Ruby's MOP allows you to modify the behavior of classes and objects at runtime, enabling advanced metaprogramming techniques.

Duck Typing:

Ruby follows the "duck typing" philosophy, which means that the type of an object is determined by its behavior rather than its class hierarchy.

Community and Frameworks:

Ruby has a vibrant and active community, and it's particularly well-known for the Ruby on Rails framework, which is used to build web applications.

Cross-Platform:

Ruby is cross-platform, meaning you can develop and run Ruby code on various operating systems.

Interpreted Language:

Ruby is typically interpreted, although there are also implementations like JRuby (runs on the Java Virtual Machine) and Rubinius (a bytecode VM).